Challis, Idaho
 | Parts of this article (those related to demographics) need to be updated. (November 2023) |
Challis, Idaho | |
|---|---|
 Main Street in Challis, May 2007 | |
 Location of Challis in Custer County, Idaho. | |
  Challis Location in the United States  Challis Challis (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 44°30′15″N 114°13′42″W / 44.50417°N 114.22833°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Idaho |
| County | Custer |
| Area | |
| • Total | 1.94 sq mi (5.04 km2) |
| • Land | 1.92 sq mi (4.97 km2) |
| • Water | 0.03 sq mi (0.07 km2) |
| Elevation | 5,253 ft (1,601 m) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 1,081 |
| • Estimate (2019)[3] | 1,091 |
| • Density | 568.53/sq mi (219.47/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-7 (Mountain (MST)) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-6 (MDT) |
| ZIP code | 83226 |
| Area code | 208 |
| FIPS code | 16-13780 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0397543 |
Challis is the largest city in Custer County, Idaho, United States. It is the county seat and its population was 1,081 at the 2010 census. The 2020 census shows 902 residents, a 16.6% drop.[4][5]
History
[edit]Challis was founded in 1878 and named for A.P. Challis, who was a surveyor when the townsite was laid out.[6] Challis post office was established in 1878.[7]
Twin Peaks Sports, the I.O.O.F. Hall, and a number of other buildings in Challis are individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places, most as a result of an Idaho State Historical Society study of historical resources in the town.
Highways
[edit]
The Salmon River Scenic Byway uses both highways, from Stanley to Salmon. The junction with Highway 75 is south of Challis.
1983 earthquake
[edit]On Friday, October 28, 1983, the Borah Peak earthquake occurred at 8:06 am MDT. The shock measured 6.9 on the moment magnitude scale and had a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). The Challis-Mackay region experienced rather thorough damage, with 11 commercial buildings and 39 homes with major damage; while another 200 houses were damaged, minor to moderately. Mackay in particular, about 50 miles (80 km) southeast of Challis, experienced the most severe damage. Most of the city's large buildings on its Main Street were damaged, to some extent; eight of these buildings were deemed condemned and closed down. Most of these buildings were built from materials such as brick, concrete block, and stone, each varying.[8] The two fatalities of the earthquake were in Challis; a store front fell on two children walking to school.[9][10]
2020 earthquake
[edit]On Tuesday, March 31, 2020, at 5:52 pm MST, an earthquake measuring 6.5 on the moment magnitude scale occurred, centered 45 miles (72 km) west of Challis.[11] This was the second strongest earthquake in the state of Idaho ever recorded.[12]
Geography and climate
[edit]Challis is located at 44°30′15″N 114°13′42″W / 44.50417°N 114.22833°W (44.504260, -114.228279),[13] at an elevation of 5,253 feet (1,601 m) above sea level.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.88 square miles (4.87 km2), of which, 1.85 square miles (4.79 km2) is land and 0.03 square miles (0.08 km2) is water.[14]
Challis experiences a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk) with cold winters, hot summers, and low precipitation throughout the year.
| Climate data for Challis, Idaho (Challis Airport), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1895–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 60 (16) |
65 (18) |
74 (23) |
87 (31) |
96 (36) |
100 (38) |
103 (39) |
103 (39) |
99 (37) |
89 (32) |
75 (24) |
63 (17) |
103 (39) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 45.0 (7.2) |
50.9 (10.5) |
64.7 (18.2) |
74.1 (23.4) |
83.9 (28.8) |
92.3 (33.5) |
97.6 (36.4) |
95.3 (35.2) |
88.7 (31.5) |
77.0 (25.0) |
59.5 (15.3) |
46.9 (8.3) |
97.2 (36.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 29.2 (−1.6) |
36.7 (2.6) |
49.2 (9.6) |
56.8 (13.8) |
66.8 (19.3) |
75.5 (24.2) |
86.9 (30.5) |
84.9 (29.4) |
74.5 (23.6) |
58.5 (14.7) |
40.5 (4.7) |
28.8 (−1.8) |
57.4 (14.1) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 20.0 (−6.7) |
26.8 (−2.9) |
37.3 (2.9) |
44.0 (6.7) |
53.4 (11.9) |
60.9 (16.1) |
69.3 (20.7) |
67.4 (19.7) |
58.2 (14.6) |
45.0 (7.2) |
30.5 (−0.8) |
19.8 (−6.8) |
44.4 (6.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 10.7 (−11.8) |
17.0 (−8.3) |
25.5 (−3.6) |
31.2 (−0.4) |
40.0 (4.4) |
46.3 (7.9) |
51.7 (10.9) |
49.9 (9.9) |
42.0 (5.6) |
31.6 (−0.2) |
20.6 (−6.3) |
10.8 (−11.8) |
31.4 (−0.3) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | −10.4 (−23.6) |
−2.5 (−19.2) |
10.0 (−12.2) |
18.2 (−7.7) |
25.8 (−3.4) |
33.6 (0.9) |
41.6 (5.3) |
39.4 (4.1) |
29.3 (−1.5) |
16.2 (−8.8) |
2.8 (−16.2) |
−8.3 (−22.4) |
−15.1 (−26.2) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −33 (−36) |
−31 (−35) |
−16 (−27) |
3 (−16) |
15 (−9) |
24 (−4) |
31 (−1) |
20 (−7) |
17 (−8) |
−4 (−20) |
−17 (−27) |
−34 (−37) |
−34 (−37) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.41 (10) |
0.36 (9.1) |
0.46 (12) |
0.52 (13) |
0.93 (24) |
0.93 (24) |
0.42 (11) |
0.45 (11) |
0.85 (22) |
0.56 (14) |
0.52 (13) |
0.52 (13) |
6.93 (176.1) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 4.6 (12) |
3.0 (7.6) |
2.3 (5.8) |
0.7 (1.8) |
0.1 (0.25) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.3 (0.76) |
2.5 (6.4) |
4.0 (10) |
17.5 (44.61) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 6.4 | 5.4 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 8.9 | 7.6 | 4.6 | 5.3 | 4.6 | 5.2 | 6.4 | 7.1 | 75.1 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 3.3 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 1.8 | 3.1 | 12.6 |
| Source 1: NOAA[15] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: National Weather Service (average snowfall/snow days 1895–1996)[16] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
[edit]| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1880 | 614 | — | |
| 1890 | 356 | −42.0% | |
| 1910 | 338 | — | |
| 1920 | 484 | 43.2% | |
| 1930 | 418 | −13.6% | |
| 1940 | 620 | 48.3% | |
| 1950 | 728 | 17.4% | |
| 1960 | 732 | 0.5% | |
| 1970 | 784 | 7.1% | |
| 1980 | 758 | −3.3% | |
| 1990 | 1,073 | 41.6% | |
| 2000 | 909 | −15.3% | |
| 2010 | 1,081 | 18.9% | |
| 2020 | 902 | −16.6% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[17] | |||
2010 census
[edit]At the 2010 census there were 1,081 people, 502 households, and 277 families living in the city. The population density was 584.3 inhabitants per square mile (225.6/km2). There were 598 housing units at an average density of 323.2 per square mile (124.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 93.6% White, 0.1% African American, 0.8% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 3.5% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.2%.[2]
Of the 502 households 26.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.4% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.8% were non-families. 39.0% of households were one person and 15.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.84.
The median age was 42 years. 21.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.3% were from 25 to 44; 28.5% were from 45 to 64; and 17.2% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 55.0% male and 45.0% female.
2000 census
[edit]At the 2000 census there were 909 people, 410 households, and 248 families living in the city. The population density was 510.8 inhabitants per square mile (197.2/km2). There were 525 housing units at an average density of 295.0 per square mile (113.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 97.14% White, 0.88% Native American, 1.21% from other races, and 0.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.85%.[18]
Of the 410 households 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.4% were married couples living together, 5.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.3% were non-families. 35.6% of households were one person and 17.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.90.
The age distribution was 25.0% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 19.5% 65 or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.3 males.
The median household income was $29,904 and the median family income was $39,444. Males had a median income of $38,250 versus $21,964 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,803. About 8.5% of families and 12.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.2% of those under age 18 and 18.5% of those age 65 or over.
Notable people
[edit]- Lawrence Henry Chamberlain (1906–1989), dean of Columbia College and vice president of Columbia University[19]
References
[edit]- ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
- ^ a b "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
- ^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
- ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- ^ "Census". lmi.idaho.gov.
- ^ Boone, Lalia (1988) Idaho Place Names, p. 73. Moscow, ID: University of Idaho Press. ISBN 0-89301-119-3 (Sources vary as to the spelling of his first name: Alvah/Alvan/Alvin).
- ^ Helbock, Richard W. (1998) United States Post Offices, Volume I - The West, p. 56. Lake Oswego, OR: La Posta Publications
- ^ "Historic Earthquakes: Borah Peak, Idaho". USGS. July 16, 2008. Archived from the original on August 18, 2009. Retrieved March 30, 2010.
- ^ Sher, Jeff (October 29, 1983). "Killer quake rocks northwest". Spokesman-Review. p. 1.
- ^ "Idaho earthquake kills two school children". The (Prescott, AZ) Courier. Associated Press. October 28, 1983. p. 2A.
- ^ "M 6.5 - 72km W of Challis, Idaho". earthquake.usgs.gov. March 31, 2020. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
- ^ Blanchard, Nicole (March 31, 2020). "Idaho has a history of earthquakes. Here's how they compare to Tuesday's 6.5 quake". Idaho Statesman. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
- ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
- ^ "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 25, 2012. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
- ^ "U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved September 4, 2022.
- ^ "NOAA Online Weather Data". National Weather Service. Retrieved September 4, 2022.
- ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ "PROF. CHAMBERLAIN DEAN AT COLUMBIA; NEW COLUMBIA DEAN". The New York Times. January 11, 1950. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 4, 2022.
External links
[edit]- Challis Chamber of Commerce
- Challis Idaho.com Archived December 5, 2012, at the Wayback Machine - community site
- Challis School District #181
Municipalities and communities of Custer County, Idaho, United States | ||
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| Cities |  | |
| Unincorporated communities | ||
| Ghost towns | ||
| International | |
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| National | |
