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Haier

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For the psychologist, see Richard J. Haier.

Haier Group Corporation
Native name
海尔集团公司
Company typeCity Owned Enterprise
Industry
Founded28 April 1984; 40 years ago (1984-04-28)
FounderZhang Ruimin
Headquarters
Qingdao, Shandong
,
China
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Products
RevenueIncrease CN¥227.5 billion (2021)[1]
Increase CN¥15.91 billion (2021)[1]
Increase CN¥13.21 billion (2021)[1]
Total assetsIncrease CN¥217.5 billion (2021)[1]
Total equityIncrease CN¥81.0 billion (2021)[1]
Number of employees
109,586 (2021)[1]
Subsidiaries
Websitehaier.com
Haier
Simplified Chinese海尔
Traditional Chinese海爾
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinHǎi'ěr

Haier Group Corporation (/ˈhaɪ.ər/)[2] is a Chinese multinational home appliances and consumer electronics company headquartered in Qingdao, Shandong. It designs, develops, manufactures and sells products including refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, dryers, microwave ovens, mobile phones, computers, and televisions. The home appliances business, namely Haier Smart Home, has seven global brands – Haier, Casarte, Leader, GE Appliances, Fisher & Paykel, Aqua and Candy.

According to data released by Euromonitor,[3] Haier was the number one brand globally in major appliances for 10 consecutive years from 2009 to 2018. The Haier brand was also recognized by BrandZ in 2019[4] as the most valuable IoT ecosystem brand in the world with a brand value of $16.3 billion. In 2019, Haier Smart Home ranked 448 on Fortune's Global 500 list with a revenue of $27.7 billion.

Haier Group also consisted of two listed subsidiaries in three exchanges: Haier Smart Home (海尔智家) (SSE: 600690; ex-Qingdao Haier Co., Ltd.), Haier Electronics Group Co., Ltd. (SEHK: 1169), and "D-share" listing of Haier Smart Home in China Europe International Exchange of Frankfurt.[5]

History

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The origins of Haier date back long before the actual founding of the company. In the 1920s, a refrigerator factory was built in Qingdao to supply the Chinese market. After the 1949 establishment of the People's Republic of China, the factory was then taken over and turned into a state-owned enterprise.[6]

By the 1980s, the factory had a debt of over CN¥1.4 million and suffered from dilapidated infrastructure, poor management, and lack of quality controls, resulting from the planned economic system and relevant policies.[7] Production had slowed, rarely surpassing 80 refrigerators a month, and the factory was close to bankruptcy. The Qingdao government hired a young assistant city-manager, Zhang Ruimin, responsible for a number of city-owned appliance companies. Zhang was appointed the managing director of the factory in 1984.[6]

Haier store in Nanchang

Founding

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Haier had been founded as Qingdao Refrigerator Co. in 1984. With China opening up to world markets, foreign corporations began searching for partnerships in China. One of these, Germany's refrigerator company Liebherr, entered into a joint-venture contract with Qingdao Refrigerator Co., offering technology and equipment to its Chinese counterpart. Refrigerators were to be manufactured under the name of Qindao-Liebherr (simplified Chinese: 琴岛—利勃海尔; traditional Chinese: 琴島-利勃海爾; pinyin: Qíndǎo—lìbó hǎi'ěr). The current brand "Haier" came from the last two syllables of the Chinese transliteration of Liebherr (pinyin: lìbó hǎi'ěr).[8][9]

The installation of Liebherr's equipment and technology was accompanied by new quality control and management processes. By 1986, Qingdao Refrigerator had returned to profitability and grew in sales at an average of 83 percent annually. Between 1984 and 2000, sales grew from CNY ¥3.5 million to ¥40.5 billion.[6]

In 1988, the municipal government asked Haier to take over some of the city's other ailing appliance manufacturers. The company assumed control of Qingdao Electroplating Company (manufacturing microwave ovens).[6] In 1991, the company changed its name to "Qingdao Haier Group" and acquired Qingdao Air Conditioner Plant and Qingdao Freezer.[6] The company's name was simplified to its current name "Haier" in 1992.[6] In 1995, the company took over Qingdao Red Star Electronics Co., a washing machine manufacturer, along with five of its subsidiaries.[10] Haier acquired seven companies between 1995 and 1997, and began exporting to foreign markets.[11]

International expansion

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In Southeast Asia, Haier opened production facilities in Indonesia in 1996 and the Philippines in 1997[6] and failed in an attempt to enter the Thai market due to the presence of local competitors.[6]

Haier entered the US market in 1999.[10] In the US it focused upon two niche markets in compact refrigerators and electric wine cellars. Haier began to manufacture full-sized refrigerators for North American market. This would bring it into direct competition with established American companies GE, Whirlpool, Frigidaire, and Maytag. As part of its strategy, Haier built a production facility in the United States at Camden, South Carolina, opened in 2000. By 2002, US revenues reached USD $200 million, still small compared to its overall revenue of $7 billion.[6] Also in 2002, Haier moved into the Greenwich Savings Bank Building in midtown Manhattan. Formerly the headquarters for the Greenwich Savings Bank, the 52,000-square-foot (4,800 m2) building was built in 1924 in the neo-classical style.

Production facilities were constructed in Pakistan in 2002 (see Haier Pakistan) and Jordan in 2003. In Africa, Haier has plants in five countries: Tunisia, Nigeria, Egypt, Algeria and South Africa.[12] The company also purchased a Meneghetti's factory in Italy and began placing its products in European retail chains, either under its own brand or under OEM agreements with foreign partners. Currently Haier has entered into a joint venture agreement with the government of Venezuela.[13]

Haier Appliances (India) P. Ltd initiated its commercial operations in January 2004. Its headquarters is in New Delhi, and in 2015 it had 33 operations, including those in Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai, and Kolkata. It was listed among the top 20 most trusted brands in India by The Brand Trust Report, a study conducted by Trust Research Advisory.

In June 2005, Haier made a bid to acquire Maytag Corporation, backed by private equity funds Blackstone Group and Bain Capital. The bid was for US$1.28 billion, or $16 per share, topping a previous offer of $14.26 per share made by Ripplewood Holdings.[14] In the end, however, Maytag was bought by Michigan based Whirlpool Corporation which offered $1.7 billion in cash and stock, or $21 per share, plus assumed debt.[15]

A Haier smartphone at the Mobile World Congress 2015

In 2009, Haier surpassed Whirlpool to become the fourth largest refrigerator producer in terms of sales with a global market share of 6.3%.[16]

In 2012, Haier Group acquired the appliance business from New Zealand-based Fisher & Paykel,[17] and Sanyo's Southeast Asian appliance manufacturing unit.[18]

In June 2016 Haier Group acquired General Electric's appliance division for $5.4 billion.[19] GE Appliances is headquartered in Louisville, KY.

On 28 September 2018, it was announced that Haier had acquired Italy based Candy group.[20]

By 2020, Haier had been the world's number one home appliance brand for 12 consecutive years.[21]

Brands

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  • Haier
  • Casarte
  • Leader
  • GE Appliances
  • Fisher & Paykel
  • AQUA
  • CANDY
  • Hoover
  • Thunderobot

Technology

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In 2015, Haier began investigating how the internet of things could be integrated into their devices.[22] The company cited by the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, which found three barriers to the adoption of smart home technology: lack of unified protocols/single point of access, passive services and the lack of complete solutions. At the time Haier's core competencies lay within the large appliance sector and not the small electronics sector. Subsequently, they partnered with the then leading IoT platform IngDan (硬蛋) owned by the Cogobuy Group to overcome their shortcomings.[23] By utilising Cogobuy's ecosystem and supply chain, they were able to integrate IngDan's portfolio of components, modules, and edge voice analysis into smart appliance products.[24] Haier introduced their smart appliances across seven product lines in the major appliance industry: air, water, clothes care, security, voice control, health and information.

Company strategy

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Zhang Ruimin, soon after becoming managing director in 1985, ordered his employees to destroy 76 refrigerators with sledgehammers following a customer complaint in an effort to radically change the company's culture to one that embodies quality control practices.[10][25] At the time, Chinese brands for domestically produced consumer goods were generally regarded by overseas consumer markets as being of poor quality, even when compared subjectively with foreign brands manufactured in China.[26] The cultural transformation towards quality driven manufacturing resulted in Haier becoming the first company in China to get ISO 9001 certification.[10] Haier also announces environmental sustainable development strategy to improve the environment by conserving energy and recycling. In 2018, Haier got “Greener China Business Award” due to its outstanding efforts to protect the environment.[27] In 2015, Haier joined WIPO GREEN as an official partner in an effort to address climate change.[28]

Ownership structure

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In 1993, it listed a subsidiary Qingdao Haier Refrigerator Co. on the Shanghai Stock Exchange,[6] raising CN¥370 million. In 2005, Haier entered the Hong Kong Stock Exchange through a "backdoor listing" by acquiring a controlling stake in a publicly listed joint venture Haier-CCT Holdings Ltd.[6] (SEHK: 1169).[citation needed] Haier is also an index stock of the Dow Jones China 88 Index.

Because all subsidiaries aren't listed in the Chinese exchange, obtaining financial information about the company in its entirety separately from the company itself is difficult.[29]

Controversy

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In 2014, Haier was accused by German media of delivering smartphones and tablets with pre-installed malware.[30][31]

In 2024, Haier sent cease and desist letters to the open-source projects hOn and pyhOn, which developed an add-on for Home Assistant that allowed one to control appliances without Haier's 3rd-party cloud service.[32][33]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f "Annual Report 2021" (PDF). Haier.com. pp. 19, 22.[permanent dead link]
  2. ^ Yi, Jeannie Jinsheng; Ye, Shawn Xian (2003). The Haier Way: The Making of a Chinese Business Leader and a Global Brand. Dumont, New Jersey: Homa & Sekey. p. 2. ISBN 1-931907-01-3.
  3. ^ "Haier ranks first in volume sales of major appliances brands in the world in 2018-Haier Malaysia". haier.com. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  4. ^ "From the Global No 1 Home Appliance Brand to the Global Sole IoT Brand – Reuters". reuters.com. Retrieved 25 November 2019.[dead link]
  5. ^ "Qingdao Haier shareholders back Frankfurt listing". Reuters. 28 April 2018. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "History of Haier Group Corporation – FundingUniverse". Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  7. ^ "Haier Rises Through Reform and Opening Up". People's Daily. 8 August 2001. Archived from the original on 1 January 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
  8. ^ "Hǎi'ěr jítuán shíshī shāngbiāo zhànlüè chuàngjiàn guójì zhīmíng pǐnpái" 海尔集团实施商标战略创建国际知名品牌 [Haier Group implements trademark strategy to create internationally renowned brands]. Haier Group (in Chinese). 28 April 2014. Archived from the original on 15 September 2019. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
  9. ^ "Hǎi'ěr rúhé chéngwéi qǐyè "chuàngxīn jiàokēshū"?" 海尔如何成为企业"创新教科书"？ [How Haier became an “innovation textbook” for enterprises]. Lishi Business Network (in Chinese). Sohu. 19 March 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
  10. ^ a b c d Haier Group's Strategies in the US Market (Case study). IBS Center for Management Research. 2003.
  11. ^ "Chinese Champions - Patente Made in China" (PDF). Chinese Champions (in German). pp. 19–23. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 December 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
  12. ^ ""We will be volunteer 'spokespersons' for Haier," African party officials say". People's Daily Online. 28 June 2005. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
  13. ^ "Haier's household appliances are sold very well in Venezuela".[permanent dead link]
  14. ^ "Blackstone and Bain back Chinese firm Haier in $1.28bn Maytag bid". Archived from the original on 28 September 2007.
  15. ^ "Done Deal; Whirlpool Acquires Maytag For $2.7 Billion". 13 May 2023.
  16. ^ "Haier tops Whirlpool in global refrigerator sales". Alibaba. 20 January 2009.
  17. ^ Tajitsu, Naomi (6 November 2012). "China's Haier to take complete control of NZ's F&P Appliances". Reuters. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  18. ^ "Haier Completes Sanyo Acquisition in Southeast Asia". Official Haier website (Malaysia). 30 March 2012. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  19. ^ Riley, Charles (15 January 2016). "China's Haier buys GE's appliance unit for $5.4 billion". CNNMoney. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  20. ^ "Haier acquires Italian appliance company Candy". Industry Europe. 4 October 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2021.[permanent dead link]
  21. ^ "Haier – the number 1 global major appliance brand for 12 years running". ERT. 14 January 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
  22. ^ Crist, Ry (3 September 2015). "Haier's pitch at IFA: Connect all of the things". CNET.
  23. ^ "Cogobuy Partners with Samsung ARTIK™ Enhancing its Competitive Edge as a Leading IoT Innovation Platform". The Business Journals. 17 September 2017.
  24. ^ "Cogobuy Enters Booming Voice-Controlled Home Appliances Market". Business Insider. 14 March 2017. Archived from the original on 25 March 2019.
  25. ^ Fischer, Bill; Lago, Umberto; Liu, Fang (27 April 2015). "The Haier Road to Growth". strategy+business.
  26. ^ Eloot, Karel; Huang, Alan; Lehnich, Martin (June 2013). "A new era for manufacturing in China". McKinsey.
  27. ^ "Haier Marks Earth Hour with Cross-Continent Interactive Performances-Haier Malaysia". www.haier.com. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  28. ^ "WIPO Green - Partners". www3.wipo.int. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
  29. ^ Yi, Jeanne Jinsheng; Ye, Shawn Xian (2003). "Conclusion". The Haier Way: the Making of a Chinese Business Leader and a Global Brand. Dumont, NJ: Homa & Sekey Books. pp. 229–230. ISBN 1-931907-01-3. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
  30. ^ Fuest, Benedikt (10 December 2014). "Vorsicht vor Smartphones mit vorinstallierter Spyware" [Beware of smartphones with pre-installed spyware]. DIE WELT (in German). Archived from the original on 14 February 2015. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  31. ^ Kalenda, Florian (4 December 2014). "Lookout meldet auf Smartphones vorinstallierten Android-Trojaner" [Lookout reports Android Trojans pre-installed on smartphones]. ZDNet.de (in German). Archived from the original on 18 March 2015. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  32. ^ Toulas, Bill (18 January 2024). "Haier hits Home Assistant plugin dev with takedown notice". BleepingComputer. Archived from the original on 20 January 2024. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  33. ^ Posch, Maya (19 January 2024). "Haier Threatens Legal Action Against Home Assistant Plugin Developer". Hackaday. Archived from the original on 30 January 2024. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
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