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Gospić

Coordinates: 44°32′46″N 15°22′30″E / 44.546°N 15.375°E / 44.546; 15.375
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Gospić
Town
Grad Gospić
Town of Gospić
View of Gospić
View of Gospić
Flag of Gospić
Flag
Map
Gospić is located in Croatia
Gospić
Gospić
Location of Gospić within Croatia
Coordinates: 44°32′46″N 15°22′30″E / 44.546°N 15.375°E / 44.546; 15.375
Country Croatia
County Lika-Senj
Government
 • MayorDarko Milinović (LiPO)
Area
[1]
 • Town967.4 km2 (373.5 sq mi)
 • Urban
21.4 km2 (8.3 sq mi)
Elevation
656 m (2,152 ft)
Population
 (2021)[2]
 • Town11,502
 • Density12/km2 (31/sq mi)
 • Urban
6,362
 • Urban density300/km2 (770/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01 (CET)
Postal code
53 000
Area code053
Vehicle registrationGS
Websitegospic.hr

Gospić (pronounced [ɡǒːspitɕ]) is a town in Lika, Croatia. It is the seat of the Lika-Senj County.

Geography

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Gospić is located in the mountainous and sparsely populated region of Lika. It is the administrative center of Lika-Senj County. Gospić is located near the Lika River in the middle of a karst field (Ličko Polje).

Municipality

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Town of Gospić: Population trends 1857–2021
population
32381
33164
31371
34376
38103
35380
35600
35312
26920
26285
27390
26683
23285
22026
12980
12745
11502
18571869188018901900191019211931194819531961197119811991200120112021
Sources: Croatian Bureau of Statistics publications

History

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Kingdom of Hungary stamp cancelled in 1896
Soldiers from the 79th Infantry Regiment (K.u.K. Otočaner Infaterie-regiment Graf Jellačić), known as the “Jelačićevci” marching through Gospić in 1914.

The first organised inhabitation of the area was recorded in 1263 as Kaseg or Kasezi. The name Gospić is first mentioned in 1604, which likely originates from the Croatian word for "lady" (gospa) or another archaic form, gospava.

During the Ottoman wars in Europe, Gospić was for a time ruled by the Ottoman Empire as part of Sanjak of Lika initially in Rumeli Eyalet (1528–1580), later in Bosnia Eyalet (1580–1686). Today's town was built around two Ottoman forts (the towers of Aga Senković and of Aga Alić).

The Turkish incursion was repelled by the end of the 17th century and Gospić became an administrative centre of the Lika region within the Military Frontier, a section of the Habsburg monarchy organized as defense against the Ottomans. Before 1850, there are references to the town as Gospich in German. Since this time, there's been a significant population of ethnic Serbs in the Gospić region.

Scientist and inventor Nikola Tesla, of Serb descent, was born in the nearby village of Smiljan and grew up in Gospić between 1862 and 1870, when he moved to Karlovac. He again lived in Smiljan between 1873 and 1879, when he briefly returned to Gospić until 1880 when he went to Graz.

In the 19th century, Gospić was the headquarters of Military Frontier "Likaner Regiment" N° I.[3] Following the compromise of 1867, it became part of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia. In the late 19th century and early 20th century, Gospić was part of the Lika-Krbava County.

During the Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia in WWII, the district of Gospić experienced the first large-scale massacres which occurred in the Lika region, as some 3,000 Serb civilians were killed between late July and early August 1941.[4] A concentration camp was established in Gospić in which (together with other camps that belonged to the same complex) the Ustaše might have killed between 24,000-42,000 people, most of them being Serbs and Jews, but some of the prisoners were also Croatian.[5][6]

In the 1990s, during the course of the Croatian War of Independence, Gospić suffered greatly during the Battle of Gospić. The town was held by Croatian government forces throughout the war, while the rebel Serb forces of the Republic of Serbian Krajina occupied positions directly to the east and often bombarded the town from there. In late 1991, the town was the site of the Gospić massacre, where between 100-120 predominantly Serb civilians were killed by Croatian military units.[7] In February 1992, a statue of Nikola Tesla in downtown Gospić was destroyed in an explosion. The perpetrators were never apprehended.[8] Control of the area finally devolved to the Croatian government with the success of Operation Storm in August 1995.[7]

Gospić is the third smallest seat of a county government in Croatia. Its status as the county capital helped to spur some development in it, but the town as well as the entire region have suffered a constant decrease in population over the last several decades.

Gospić is also the site of one of the regional branches of the Croatian State Archives, the Državni arhiv Gospić, at Kaniška 17. It was founded 30 September 1999 and officially opened 1 September 2000 in a renovated building and now houses historical documents of relevance to the Lika-Senj region which were formerly housed in the Regional Archive at Karlovac.

In 2013, Croatian Prime Minister Zoran Milanović urged the town's authorities to allow for a replica of the Tesla statue that had been destroyed in 1992 to be reinstated. The mayor of Gospić at the time, Milan Kolić, refused to give his approval for such a move and instead vowed to erect a statue of wartime Croatian President Franjo Tuđman on the spot where the Tesla statue had once stood.[8] In 2021, under mayor Karlo Starčević, the town renamed a square after Tesla, and the Croatian Ministry of Culture sponsored a new statue on the square, a replica of the Frano Kršinić original.[9]

People

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[edit]

Climate

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Gospić has a humid continental climate, Dfb by Köppen climate classification, with mean temperatures varying from −0.9 °C (30.4 °F) in January to 18.1 °C (64.6 °F) in July. Being situated higher than 500 metres (1,640 ft) above sea level, the area experiences high diurnal ranges, especially in summer, and frost has been recorded in every month except for July. The record low and high temperatures are −33.5 °C (−28.3 °F) and 38.7 °C (101.7 °F), respectively. Gospić is also quite a rainy city, with a slight summer minimum, but it experiences plentiful precipitation all year long, with the maximum being in autumn. During winter, Gospić can get strong blizzards, with on average 5.1 days a year when more than 50 cm (20 in) falls, and 16.1 days when more than 30 cm (12 in) falls. Its record snow cover was 285 cm (112.2 in), and it was measured in February 1916.

Climate data for Gospić (1971–2000, extremes 1872–2015)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 16.0
(60.8) 		20.1
(68.2) 		23.4
(74.1) 		27.9
(82.2) 		31.6
(88.9) 		35.4
(95.7) 		38.7
(101.7) 		37.2
(99.0) 		33.3
(91.9) 		28.8
(83.8) 		25.7
(78.3) 		16.9
(62.4) 		38.7
(101.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 3.3
(37.9) 		5.4
(41.7) 		9.7
(49.5) 		13.5
(56.3) 		19.0
(66.2) 		22.5
(72.5) 		25.2
(77.4) 		25.4
(77.7) 		20.8
(69.4) 		15.3
(59.5) 		8.5
(47.3) 		3.9
(39.0) 		14.4
(57.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) −0.8
(30.6) 		0.3
(32.5) 		4.1
(39.4) 		8.0
(46.4) 		13.0
(55.4) 		16.3
(61.3) 		18.5
(65.3) 		17.9
(64.2) 		13.6
(56.5) 		9.1
(48.4) 		3.8
(38.8) 		0.0
(32.0) 		8.7
(47.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −5.0
(23.0) 		−4.2
(24.4) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		2.5
(36.5) 		6.5
(43.7) 		9.4
(48.9) 		10.9
(51.6) 		10.5
(50.9) 		7.5
(45.5) 		4.1
(39.4) 		−0.4
(31.3) 		−3.7
(25.3) 		3.1
(37.6)
Record low °C (°F) −32.6
(−26.7) 		−33.5
(−28.3) 		−23.6
(−10.5) 		−10.5
(13.1) 		−7.0
(19.4) 		−1.8
(28.8) 		2.4
(36.3) 		0.0
(32.0) 		−5.6
(21.9) 		−13.7
(7.3) 		−23.2
(−9.8) 		−27.0
(−16.6) 		−33.5
(−28.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 101.8
(4.01) 		98.8
(3.89) 		95.2
(3.75) 		108.9
(4.29) 		108.4
(4.27) 		95.4
(3.76) 		60.4
(2.38) 		83.1
(3.27) 		140.4
(5.53) 		156.5
(6.16) 		175.4
(6.91) 		141.9
(5.59) 		1,365.9
(53.78)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 12.7 11.6 12.4 13.8 13.2 11.9 8.3 8.2 11.2 12.4 13.8 13.5 143.0
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) 16.0 14.5 9.1 2.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 6.5 16.0 65.2
Average relative humidity (%) 84.3 79.9 74.8 72.5 72.5 72.3 70.3 73.0 78.9 81.2 84.1 86.2 77.5
Mean monthly sunshine hours 68.2 101.7 145.7 165.0 226.3 249.0 303.8 272.8 192.0 130.2 69.0 55.8 1,979.5
Percent possible sunshine 25 38 43 44 54 59 70 67 55 42 27 21 48
Source: Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service[10][11]

Demographics

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Demographic history of municipality
Ethnic group 1948 1953 1961 1971 1981 1991[12] 2001[13] 2011[14]
Croats 24,307 (65.02%) 18,525 (59.25%) 18,613 (64.07%) 12,050 (92.84%) 11,860 (93.06%)
Serbs 11,801 (31.56%) 9,283 (29.69%) 8,976 (30.89%) 625 (4.82%) 609 (4.78%)
Yugoslavs 635 (1.69%) 2,907 (9.29%) 513 (1.76%)
Others 640 (1.71%) 548 (1.75%) 947 (3.26%) 305 (2.35%)
Total[15] 26,920 26,285 27,390 37,383 31,263 29,049 12,980 12,745
Demographic history of town
1948 1953 1961 1971 1981 1991[12] 2001[13] 2011[14]
4,204[15] 5,127[15] 6,767[15] 8,046[15] 8,725[15] 9,025 6,088 5,795

Politics

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Minority councils and representatives

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Directly elected minority councils and representatives are tasked with consulting tasks for the local or regional authorities in which they are advocating for minority rights and interests, integration into public life and participation in the management of local affairs.[16] At the 2023 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives elections Serbs of Croatia fulfilled legal requirements to elect 15 members minority council of the Town of Gospić with only 13 members being elected in the end.[17]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Register of spatial units of the State Geodetic Administration of the Republic of Croatia. Wikidata Q119585703.
  2. ^ "Population by Age and Sex, by Settlements" (xlsx). Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in 2021. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. 2022.
  3. ^ Handbook of Austria and Lombardy-Venetia Cancellations on the Postage Stamp Issues 1850–1864, by Edwin MUELLER, 1961.
  4. ^ Biondich, Mark (2011). The Balkans: Revolution, War, and Political Violence Since 1878. Oxford University Press. pp. 136–137. ISBN 978-0-19929-905-8.
  5. ^ Israeli, Raphael (4 March 2013). The Death Camps of Croatia: Visions and Revisions, 1941–1945. Transaction Publishers. p. 77. ISBN 978-1-4128-4930-2.
  6. ^ Radovi (Filozofski Fakultet Zagreb. Humanisticke i Drustvene Znanosti). Zavod. 2007. p. 355. Procjenjuje se daje u logorskom kompleksu Gospić-Velebit-Pag (Mirko Peršen, Đuro Zatezalo, Ilija Jakovljević) pogubljeno oko 24.000 ljudi.
  7. ^ a b Schäuble, Michaela (2014). Narrating Victimhood: Gender, Religion and the Making of Place in Post-War Croatia. Berghahn Books. p. 317. ISBN 9781782382614.
  8. ^ a b Pavelic, Boris (23 January 2013). "Bring Nikola Tesla Monument Back, Urges Croatia PM". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  9. ^ Zebić, Enis (4 May 2021). "U Gospić vraćen spomenik Nikoli Tesli uništen 1992" (in Croatian). Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
  10. ^ "Gospić Climate Normals" (PDF). Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  11. ^ "Mjesečne vrijednosti za Gospić u razdoblju1872−2015" (in Croatian). Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. Archived from the original on 17 November 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  12. ^ a b "Naselja i stanovništvo RH od 1857–2001. godine", Izdanje Državnog zavoda za statistiku Republike Hrvatske, Zagreb, 2005.
  13. ^ a b "2001 census by settlement". Central Bureau of Statistics (Croatia) (in Croatian). 31 March 2001. Retrieved 17 September 2010.
  14. ^ a b "Population by Age and Sex, by Settlements, 2011 Census: Gospić". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. December 2012.
  15. ^ a b c d e f Croatia censuses 1948–1991
  16. ^ "Manjinski izbori prve nedjelje u svibnju, kreću i edukacije". T-portal. 13 March 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  17. ^ "Informacija o konačnim rezultatima izbora članova vijeća i izbora predstavnika nacionalnih manjina 2023. IX. LIČKO-SENJSKA ŽUPANIJA" (PDF) (in Croatian). Državno izborno povjerenstvo Republike Hrvatske. 2023. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 June 2023. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
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