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1211

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Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
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Years:
1211 by topic
Leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Art and literature
1211 in poetry
1211 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1211
MCCXI
Ab urbe condita1964
Armenian calendar660
ԹՎ ՈԿ
Assyrian calendar5961
Balinese saka calendar1132–1133
Bengali calendar618
Berber calendar2161
English Regnal year12 Joh. 1 – 13 Joh. 1
Buddhist calendar1755
Burmese calendar573
Byzantine calendar6719–6720
Chinese calendar庚午年 (Metal Horse)
3908 or 3701
    — to —
辛未年 (Metal Goat)
3909 or 3702
Coptic calendar927–928
Discordian calendar2377
Ethiopian calendar1203–1204
Hebrew calendar4971–4972
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1267–1268
 - Shaka Samvat1132–1133
 - Kali Yuga4311–4312
Holocene calendar11211
Igbo calendar211–212
Iranian calendar589–590
Islamic calendar607–608
Japanese calendarJōgen 5 / Kenryaku 1
(建暦元年)
Javanese calendar1119–1120
Julian calendar1211
MCCXI
Korean calendar3544
Minguo calendar701 before ROC
民前701年
Nanakshahi calendar−257
Thai solar calendar1753–1754
Tibetan calendar阳金马年
(male Iron-Horse)
1337 or 956 or 184
    — to —
阴金羊年
(female Iron-Goat)
1338 or 957 or 185
An illustration of the Battle of Yehuling.

Year 1211 (MCCXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

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By place

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Byzantine Empire

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  • June 17 – Battle of Antioch on the Meander: Seljuk forces led by Sultan Kaykhusraw I are initially victorious with the Latin mercenary cavalry (some 800 men) bearing the brunt of the casualties due to their flanking charge; exhausted by the effort in their attack, the Latin army under Emperor Theodore I Laskaris is struck in the flank and rear by the Seljuk forces. However, the Seljuks stop the fight in order to plunder the Latin camp – which allows Theodore's forces to rally and counter-attack the now disorganized Turks. Meanwhile, Kaykhusraw seeks out Theodore and engages him in single combat, but he is unhorsed and beheaded. The Seljuks are routed and the former Byzantine emperor Alexios III Angelos, Theodore's father-in-law, is captured and imprisoned, ending his days in enforced monastic seclusion.[1]
  • October 15 – Battle of the Rhyndacus: Latin emperor Henry of Flanders lands with an expeditionary force (some 3,000 men) at Pegai, and marches eastwards to the Rhyndacus River. The Byzantine army (much larger in force overall) under Theodore I prepare an ambush, but Henry assaults his positions along the river and defeats the Byzantine army in a day-long battle. Henry marches unopposed through the remaining Byzantine lands, reaching south as far as Nymphaion.[2]

Mongol Empire

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  • Spring – Genghis Khan summons his Mongol chieftains, and prepares to wage war against the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty in northern China. He advances across the Gobi Desert with a massive army of 100,000 warriors with 300,000 horses, strung out in perhaps 10–20 groups of 5,000–10,000 men each, each with camel-drawn carts, and all linked by fast-moving messengers. Meanwhile, the Jin Government mobilizes an army of 800,000 men, most of which are untrained peasants with low morale, and some 150,000 highly-trained cavalry. This vast army, however, is spread across the Great Wall, and garrisoned separate fortresses.[3]
  • Battle of Yehuling: Genghis Khan bypasses the Great Wall with little opposition, and splits his forces into two armies. The main army (60,000 men) is led by himself, and the other army is taken by his son Ögedei to attack the city of Datong. Genghis heads for the strategic Juyong Pass ("Young Badger's Mouth") – which leads down to the capital of Zhongdu (modern-day Beijing), but along the way he is halted at the pass of Yehuling where the bulk of the Jin army awaits him. Between March and October, the battle is fought in three stages, after Genghis has defeated the Jin forces, he begins raiding the countryside before he withdraws for the winter.[4]

Europe

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Britain

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  • Summer – King John of England ("Lackland") campaigns in Wales against Llywelyn the Great, prince of Gwynedd. In July, after the Welsh uprising, John and Llywelyn reach an agreement and a peace treaty is signed.
  • June – Papal legate Pandulf Verraccio arrives in Northampton to serve John with his excommunication ordered by Innocent III. For John this is a serious blow to his ability to rule the country.
  • John sends a gift of herrings to nunneries in almost every shire, despite his status as an excommunicant.
  • The Papal Interdict of 1208 laid by Innocent III remains in force after John refuses to accept the pope's appointee.

Asia

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By topic

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Religion

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Births

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Deaths

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References

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  1. ^ Macrides, Ruth (2007). George Akropolites: The History – Introduction, Translation and Commentary, pp. 131–132. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-921067-1.
  2. ^ Macrides, Ruth (2007). George Akropolites: The History – Introduction, Translation and Commentary, pp. 148–153. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-921067-1.
  3. ^ Man, John (2011). Genghis Khan: Life, death and Resurrection, p. 164. ISBN 978-0-553-81498-9.
  4. ^ Wolter J. Fabrycky; P. M. Ghare; Paul E. Torgersen (1972). Industrial operations research, p. 313. Prentice-Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-464263-5.
  5. ^ Peter of les Vaux de Cernay (1998). The History of the Albigensian Crusade: Peter of les Vaux-de-Cernay's Historia Albigensis, p. 215. ISBN 0-85115-807-2.
  6. ^ Williams Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 133. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
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